The concentration per cigarette in sidestream smoke is typically higher than in mainstream smoke. Last revised 09232005 the rfd is an estimate of an oral exposure, for a given duration, to the human population including susceptible subgroups that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse health effects over a lifetime. Sep 26, 2019 the atsdr toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for the hazardous substance described here. It dissolves other substances easily and evaporates quickly into the air. The topic first aid for toluene toxicity you are seeking is a synonym, or alternative name, or is closely related to the topic first aid for toluene poisoning. An mrl is defined as an estimate of daily human exposure to a substance that is likely to be without an. Safety data sheet toluene diisocyanate revision date. The central nervous system cns is the primary target organ for toluene toxicity in both humans and animals for acute shortterm and chronic longterm exposures. The amount of toluene in mainstream smoke from an unfiltered cigarette was estimated to range from 100 to 200 g with a sidestreammainstream smoke ratio of 1. Toluene safety in the workplace occupational safety and.
Moreover, nerve growth factor ngf, tumor necrosis factoralpha tnfalpha, dopamine da, and glial fibrillary acidic protein gfap tests were. Toluene toxicity is a clinical diagnosis, although serum toluene and urine hippuric acid have been described as diagnostic measures. Pdf acute toluene intoxicationclinical presentation. Exposure to toluene may occur from breathing ambient or indoor air affected by such sources. Toluene, also known as methylbenzene, phenylmethane or toluol is a clear, colorless liquid with a sweet smell.
Supplier and substance identification product information product name. Toluene, also known as methylbenzene, is an organic chemical compound. An overview on common organic solvents and their toxicity. E41924 february 2006 with 95 reads how we measure reads. Less than 2% of total toluene metabolites are excreted in the bile. Safety data sheet northwest missouri state university. The acute phase effects of toluene on the brain have been investigated in this study using rabbit brain via histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods. Toluene is a major component of tobacco smoke and concentrations can vary greatly. Toluene c6h5ch3 or c7h8 cid 1140 structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety. Toluene and xylene poisoning can occur when someone swallows these substances, breathes in their fumes, or when these substances touch the skin. As a recreational drug, toluene is most often inhaled nasally glue sniffing, huffing, and produces acute neurological effects such as euphoria. The study analyzed the exposure factors that may lead to neuropsychological symptoms among 92 workers who were exposed to xylene and toluene and 100 workers who were not exposed to the solvents. The levels of methyl hippuric acid and hippuric acid in urine were assessed, and interviews were performed.
Apr 29, 2019 toluene methylbenzene, toluol, phenylmethane is an aromatic hydrocarbon c7 h8 commonly used as an industrial solvent for the manufacturing of paints, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and rubber. Studies in rats have shown that pcresol is primarily conjugated with glucuronide to produce pcresylglucuronide, though this may not be applicable to humans. There is evidence that toluene causes not only myelin breakdown but also neural cell death. Toluene 108883 ecotoxicity aquatic and terrestrial, where available.
Human studies have, in general, only reported minor changes in. Toluene is commonly abused by saturating or soaking a sock or rag with toluene contianing product, placing it over the nose and mouth, and inhaling to get a sensation of euphoria, buzz, or high. If swallowed, may be aspirated and cause lung damage. Use a local exhaust ventilation and enclosure, if necessary, to control amount in the air. Zemasol is far less toxic than conventional organic solvent alternatives. Acute toluene intoxicationclinical presentation, management. Acute toluene intoxicationclinical presentation, management and prognosis. Medical neurotoxicity and mechanism of toluene abuse. Organic solvent toxicity knowledge for medical students and. Methylbenzene recommended use laboratory chemicals. It is safe or dangerous to use toxicity while suffering from toluene. Longterm and intense exposure to toluene vapors in humans who abuse spray paint and related substances has led to the recognition that toluene has a severe impact on central nervous system myelin. Material safety data sheet toluene, acs 6 cerclasara section 3.
Toluene is added to gasoline, used to produce benzene, and used as a solvent. The safety data sheets provided by the supplier must disclose the presence of toluene, and employers must provide workers with copies of these safety data sheets upon request. Please note that while you can see the list of legislation for free, you will need a subscription to view the actual documentation. Effects of toluene on the central nervous system journal of. Environmental alert toluenes use is increasing partially because of its popularity as a solvent replacement for benzene. Toluene safety data sheet according to federal register vol. Toluene is commonly abused by saturating or soaking a sock or rag with toluenecontianing product, placing it over the nose and mouth, and inhaling to get a sensation of euphoria, buzz, or high. Cyp2e1 seems to be the primary enzyme in the hydroxylation of toluene, accounting for roughly 44% of toluene metabolism.
Effects of toluene on the central nervous system journal. Therefore, awareness should be lent to toluene as a cause in severe hypokalemia. Aspirin and one of the principal downstream metabolites of toluene. Other large blocks, predominantly urological, up to 60 x 55 x 4 mm. Reagent costs on peloris xylenefree processing were. The atsdr toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for the hazardous substance described here. Organic solvent toxicity knowledge for medical students.
The first four seem to be involved in the hydroxylation of toluene to benzyl alcohol. The acute oral toxicity of xylene and toluene is lower than that of zemasol, which indicates that xylene and toluene represent higher acute oral toxicity. Although kidney toxicity has not been common in cases of occupational toluene exposure, there has been at least one report of renal toxicity following a 40year occupational toluene exposure. Other pertinent literature is also presented, but is described in less detail than the key studies. Toluene methylbenzene, toluol, phenylmethane is an aromatic hydrocarbon c7 h8 commonly used as an industrial solvent for the manufacturing of paints, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and rubber.
Uses advised against not for food, drug, pesticide or biocidal product use details of the supplier of the safety data sheet. Pdf developmental toxicity of prenatal exposure to toluene. Toluene abuse or glue sniffing is widespread, especially among children or adolescents, because it is readily available and inexpensive. May be irritating to the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs. The hallmarks of toluene intoxication are hypokalemic paralysis and metabolic acidosis. Safety data sheet creation date 11jun2009 revision date 17jan2018 revision number 4 1. The database available for characterization of toluene toxicity is large and. Neuropsychological symptoms among workers exposed to. The substance may be toxic to blood, kidneys, the nervous system, liver, brain, central nervous system cns. Can toxicity be an effective treatment for toluene. Waste must be disposed of in accordance with state and local environmental control regulations. Do not use it to treat or manage an actual poison exposure. Advantages of zemasol over xylenetoluenepcbtftbac nov16. Pdf toluene is one of the most widely abused inhaled drugs due to its.
Ld 50 assesses toxicity derived from acute exposure, and a higher ld 50 value suggests reduced acute toxicity. In a study 58 of 15 patients with bilateral optic neuropathy secondary to toluene toxicity, treatment of all patients revealed that 6 patients had improved visual acuities of two or more lines, 3 of whom showed normal p100 peak latency in the pattern. Pdf acute toluene intoxicationclinical presentation, management. Gasoline contains 5% to 7% toluene by weighty making toluene a common airborne contaminant in industrialized countries. Toluene does not cause the severe injury to the bone marrow that is characteristic of benzene poisoning. Toluene toxicity as a cause of elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis. The mechanism of neural toxicity has not been fully established. Toluene intoxication due to intentional inhalation is a common admission diagnosis in mexico and it can lead to death. Concordant with pretest hypotheses, after conditioning, the mice showed a significant place preference for the toluene associated chamber in the absence of toluene when entry between the two chambers was permitted.
Acute highlevel toluene exposure decreases hippocampal neurogenesis in rats. Toluene inhalation can lead to a toxic optic neuropathy. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. Neuropsychological symptoms among workers exposed to toluene. Acute fish toxicity toluene lc50 96 h rainbow trout 7. Cyp2e1 is involved in the initial step of the principal metabolic pathway for toluene and acetaminophen, and represents a potential site for a competitive metabolic interaction. Page 2 of 16 msds toluene potential health effects repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking. An increase in liver and kidney weights at a high dose 450 milligrams per kilogram of bodyweight or mgkgday of toluene and toxicity to those organs at higher doses was observed in an oral exposure rat study. Jun 29, 2019 toluene toxicity as a cause of elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis. Effects of acute toluene toxicity on different regions of.
A registration number is not available for this substance as the substance. Toluene is also highly flammable and may catch on fire if exposed to heat or flames. Acute toluene intoxicationclinical presentation, management and. The majority of the cresol is excreted unchanged in urine. Safety and health topics toluene health hazards and. Ring hydroxylation to cresols is a minor pathway in the metabolism of toluene. Toluene is used frequently in many work operations involving paint, metal cleaners, adhesives and other products. Foetal cns tissue is known to process poorly on rare occasions. A prospective observational study article pdf available in bmc emergency medicine 151. Most inhaled or ingested toluene is eliminated in urine within 12 hours after exposure.
Forensic and hospital specimens, including cns, up to 60 x 55 x 4 mm. Many organic solvents have great addictive potential. Toluene and xylene are strong compounds that are used in many household and industrial products. Xylenefree tissue processing an evaluation of routine use.
Employers must provide workers training and information. Ish staining of xylenefree processed tissue blocks was good. The acute neurological symptoms are accompanied by severe metabolic alterations, as well as organ injury and dysfunction. In recent decades the organic solvent toluene methylbenzene has emerged as one of the beststudied neurotoxins. A total of 20 male rabbits were used as control and experimental groups. Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary blocks up to 60 x 55 x 4 mm. It is categorized as such because of the presence of carbon c atoms in its chemical formula, c7h8.
Toluene ceiling 300 ppm na osha z2 toluene maximum concentration 500 ppm na osha z2 toluene twa 200 ppm na osha z2 toluene twa 20 ppm na acgih note. Concordant with pretest hypotheses, after conditioning, the mice showed a significant place preference for the tolueneassociated chamber in the absence of toluene when entry between the two chambers was permitted. Other hazards not contributing to the classification. The airborne concentration of xylene and toluene was evaluated with personal passive badges. Some evidence shows toluene may also alter neuronal response to certain neurotransmitters. The products of degradation are less toxic than the product itself. Aug 18, 2015 toluene intoxication due to intentional inhalation is a common admission diagnosis in mexico and it can lead to death.
451 1429 416 1535 201 820 1207 431 329 196 453 1124 329 1217 477 374 411 1298 835 1351 1101 221 1371 1218 423 869 1035 243 1016 490 1031 900 1385 377 730 45 1387 1458 919 580